Freud's scientific and philosophical training, without doubt, had an effect on his later discoveries and work. Recently it has been suggested that Freud's thinking merely echoed his earlier education and that he was a "cryptobiologist." Others have maintained, as does Silverstein, that Freud transcended his earlier education

and teachers. He adduces evidence tracing Freud's thought along the track of the mind-body dichotomy. Charcot directed Freud to the importance of clinical observation in relation to theory but differed with him on the location that produced the symptoms. Freud maintained that they were generated in the meaning of the person's fantasies and not in particular parts of the brain. Silverstein continues to follow this trail of evidence in Freud's preface to Bernheim's Suggestion, in an abstract of The Brain which Freud wrote in 1888, through his differences with Breuer and then with Fliess, and to his motives for writing the Project.