Will as a psychodynamic concept had been introduced into modern psychology by Otto Rank. His "will" was the strength of the individual's expression of a cosmic primal force first seen in the separation from the mother and further expressing itself as autonomy and creativity. In this schema, neurosis is seen as an inability to enact one's will. Consequently, the task of therapy is the liberation of will from guilt and fear, leading to individual growth. Esther Menaker considers this task different from the one performed by psychoanalysis. Although she sees validity in both, she believes that psychoanalysis merely explores psychological content and places value on sublimation, whereas the Rankian psychologist accepts the will of the patient's own ego and the patient is helped by identification with the therapist's acceptance of this will. It is questionable whether true change occurs in the reaffirmation of the patient's will by the therapist.