Henri Hubert developed early Durkheimian critiques of racial sciences such as anthroposociology, which was fundamentally fin-de-siècle sociobiology in social Darwinist get-up, from his perspective as archaeologist, historian, and ethnographer of primitive European religions. His major works on the "primitive" Celts and Germans continued these critiques of racism. But Hubert also engaged in the political mythologizing of French national identity by trading on the republican myth of "celtisme."