The author feels the theoretical dilemma is not resolved, simply stated in different terms. There is an unfortunate tendency to "resolve" the clinical dilemma by saying both perspectives must be used. Lichtenberg suggests an alternative motivational theory encompassing all the areas he feels important. What we need now is a theory to help us understand how and why there is shifting dominance of motivations. He then reviews each presentation showing how the author either attempts to resolve the dilemma or frames it in new terms and raises questions for each theory that are intended to sharpen the argument. He does not go as far as Levenson to suggest that this dilemma or these derivative dilemmas are inevitable, but he does feel that our task as students of a theoretical science is to try to sharpen the issues and differences and, by accumulating the appropriate data, take the dilemma to its next stage.