Brecht describes the atmosphere in Germany in the 1930's, and how the leadership and membership of the German Psychoanalytic Society was shifted from Jewish to non-Jewish psychoanalysts. She presents an overview of the conflicts facing these two groups as well as the International Psychoanalytical Association, especially its president, Ernest Jones. She cites his efforts on behalf of Edith Jacobson who had been imprisoned by the Nazis for alleged Communist activities. She summarizes the activities of the Göring Institute and the post-war efforts to reconstruct German psychoanalysis. Müller-Braunschweig's approach was to dissociate himself from the German Psychoanalytic Society and to form the German Psychoanalytic Association which in 1951 was accepted into the International Psychoanalytical Association while the German Society was not. This fostered the illusion, now being painfully challenged, that the German Association had remained true to the teaching and values of psychoanalysis.