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The author cautions against a tendency in psychoanalytic language—with deleterious effects on clinical efficacy—to blame the patient's parents for the adult analysand's difficulties. This unwittingly perpetuates feelings of helplessness and lack of personal agency. The author believes that theories which tend toward "parent-blaming" are partly a reaction to the historical tendency toward "patient-blaming" (for his or her "instincts") which Barth associates with classical driveconflict