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A Psychoanalyst Takes the Turing Test. Gerald Alper. Pp. 59-68.
The Turing test was devised by the mathematician, Alan Turing, who asks how to devise a test such that an examiner, using only typed questions and answers, can differentiate between a human and an artificial intelligence. Alper examines this question from the viewpoint of a psychoanalyst. "There is no single sentence or response, or sequence of responses, that is diagnostic of the presence of human intelligence." He believes an analyst would focus on everything left out of the computer, i.e. "affective, experiential, and conflicted relationships," in the answers. The analyst would rely on countertransference. Alper concludes, "Artificial intelligence studies only those mental elements that can be programmed; psychoanalysis studies only those elements that cannot be programmed."