Psychoanalysis and the Quantitative Research Tradition. Dennis G. Shulman. Pp. 245-261.

Shulman reviews the literature on the lack of quantitative data in psychoanalysis. He states, "The crippling and pervasive theoretical fragmentation within the psychoanalytic community is directly related to [an] authority-based pattern of theory validation." He examines issues and problems in the areas of psychoanalysis and academic research. Problems of sampling, subject, and researcher bias exist in the psychoanalytic method. Clinical reports are important for hypothesis generation, but testing must be done by extra-clinical methods. There is a need to develop a research tradition: research must be integrated into analytic training; study groups of those interested in psychoanalysis need to be developed within university psychology