Today it is often claimed that psychoanalysis neglects the body and nonverbal experiences. Bittner writes that since psychoanalysis does take the body into account in many ways, the objection, to be credible, must be formulated more specifically. The more serious criticism is that psychoanalysis neglects the experience of the body, and that the notion of body image—which seems to replace body experience in psychoanalysis—does not play a proper role. After a discussion of body-therapeutic techniques which attempt to treat psychosomatic complaints— with, however, serious neglect of associative material and transference phenomena—Bittner traces various elements through S. Freud, Anna Freud, Klein, Andreas-Salomé, Groddeck, Winnicott, Jacobson, and Kohut, to detail the complex position assigned to the body in psychoanalytic theory.