Sandler emphasizes the distinctions between fear, anxiety, and phobia. Of phobia there are two kinds, which may be called extrusive (like that of Little Hans), when the subject is preoccupied with the object of the phobia, in fact needs such an object; and intrusive, when the subject avoids the phobic situation and, as long as it is absent, may be pretty much free of the phobia. Both are ways of dealing with the subject's inner conflict. Fantasy, here discussed by Sandler, is of special importance in the intrusive phobia. The paper is illustrated by excellent case examples.