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Pine takes issue with Greenberg's argument that his endeavor is "wrong-headed," i.e., that to pursue a developmental perspective infers that psychoanalytic knowledge cannot stand on its own. He notes Greenberg's admission "that he had an axe to grind," and feels that the axe has destroyed "a fine tooth comb." Pine does not feel it wise to reject possible contributions from related areas of study. He notes that observations of development may be informed both from theory and adult clinical practice; the process works both ways. He emphasizes his optimism about psychoanalysis as an intellectually vital discipline, countering Greenberg's inferences that he is any less engaged or valuing of conflict in theory or practice. He remarks that as a counterbalance to consideration of the "holding environment," he has stressed the thrust of autonomy.
He concludes with a list of the eight control points of his presentation which evolve from and are clarified by the developmental perspective. In reference to Shapiro's discussion, he emphasizes that the developmental perspective is a fundamental organizer of life, but not of analysis. He agrees heartily with Shapiro, however, that the developmental perspective helps the analyst to maintain therapeutic distance.