Fromm, a psychoanalyst and hypnosis researcher, draws attention to two important points in Hilgard's neodissociation model which can be integrated with psychoanalytic theory. First, Hilgard's dissociated content, characterized as behind an amnesic barrier, can readily be made consciously available via the hypnotist's interventions. Fromm says this is no different from the psychoanalytic preconscious, where particular content is not in conscious awareness, but can be accessible when attention is so directed. Fromm's second point concerns Hilgard's executive and monitoring functions. "He seems to conceive of them as necessarily being conscious and voluntary. But many times neither is the case." Much of the selectivity in perception, and in erecting and maintaining psychological defenses, is due to involuntary, unconscious executive and monitoring functions.