The authors delineate the many intellectual similarities between Freud and Friedrich Nietzsche, such as their understanding of the wish-fulfillment function of dreaming; the structural model of personality; and defense mechanisms such as displacement, repression, and sublimation. They see Klein and Bion's mechanism of projective identification in Freud's reaction to Nietzsche: Freud rejected and devaluated Nietzsche because of a psychic need to rid himself of the resentment and rage he had against Alfred Adler and Carl Jung for their defection from the psychoanalytic movement. Identifying Nietzsche with them because of their similar ideas, Freud sustained and validated this original projection in his relationship with Lou Andreas-Salomé, who had herself turned against Nietzsche when their relationship deteriorated. This projection was further validated by Nietzsche's association with anti-Semitism and Nazism. By finally disassociating Nietzsche from the development of the psychoanalytic movement, Freud repeated his abolition of Adler and Jung.