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Sarphatie differentiates the phenomenology and function of shame from shyness, humiliation, humiliation fury, and narcissistic rage. Each of these affective experiences plays a particular role in psychological development, internal regulation, social customs, moral values, ego ideals, and psychopathology, particularly the narcissistic disorders. Shame emerges from the act of giving up self-determination and power. While shame always carries a sense of exposure, the external other's attitude