Answering the title's question in the affirmative, the author argues for a psychoanalysis centered on women. Psychoanalysis derived from patriarchy conceptualizes women in terms of the unconscious fantasies, wishes, fears, and longings that men have about them. These constructions serve merely to reinforce traditional patriarchal structures of defense. The author examines Freud's concept of penis envy as the motor force in women's development, comparing it with the more recent concept of female individuation. In this new theory, the triangular aspects of the oedipal situation further individuation—in both sexes—away from the omnipotent and always threatening mother. The author stresses that here again a patriarchal view is dictating the construction of womanhood. Rohde-Dachser argues that women need to go beyond the ready definitions of traditional psychoanalytic discourse and to discover their own symbols and an independently derived concept of womanhood.