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The Freud-Ferenczi controversy regarding technique1 antedated the tension between Klein's firm interpretive stance and Winnicott's emphasis upon the holding functions of the analyst. In the realm of treating borderline patients, this historical schism has resurfaced in the approaches of Kernberg2 and Adler.3 Regardless of how far back this bifurcation of vision can be traced, its resulting technical interventions do differ in fundamental ways. The former approach (Freud, Klein, Kernberg) regards drive-based wishes as basic motivation, conflict as the psychopathological paradigm, transference as a reactivation of infantile wishes (and defenses against them), deciphering covert messages as hallmark of the analyst's