Falk points out that while rationalistic political science explanations of the intractable Arab-Israeli conflict stress competing territorial claims and nationalisms, psychoanalytic views raise issues of unconscious group self, defensive group narcissism, historical hurts, narcissistic injury, denial, projection, splitting, and lack of empathy. He discusses these issues and adds three other unconscious factors. First, he argues that violent father-son tensions within the Palestinian family are displaced onto the Israelis in the intifada. Next, he concludes that the inability by both sides to mourn their historical losses plays a powerful role in keeping the conflict intractable. Finally, he discusses the resistance of Israeli scholars to psychoanalytic ideas.