This paper explores the striking theoretical affinities and differences of two of the seminal thinkers of the twentieth century: Max Weber and Sigmund Freud. The author argues that both Weber and Freud shared the moral aim of enhancing autonomy and self-consciousness. After mapping the overarching affinities in their thought that liberate each from a Marxist cultural analysis to which they have both been subordinated, the author assesses Weber's relationship to Freudian theory in