Gardner's approach is that of a philosopher and, understandably, he is more cautious about criticizing Priel and Schreiber except in the area of his own expertise. Thus, he holds the authors' work to be “methodologically sound” regarding their claim of “the pervasiveness of a certain basic (mathematical) form in nature” but wonders still if the level of psychoanalytic discourse and that of chaos theory are “logically on a par.” He continues: “there is a powerful reason … for thinking that