Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of socialist dictatorships, some of the ghosts that we thought were long since exorcised have returned to haunt us anew. Aggressive forms of nationalism, to which we have turned a blind eye for decades, and a violent species of xenophobia, on occasion openly homicidal in nature, are prominent features of life in Europe today. Beland believes such alarming phenomena can only be successfully controlled if we can contrive—both individually and collectively—to deactivate the psychic mechanism of projecting our own evils and flaws onto others (i.e., “foreigners”), and to achieve what Melanie Klein calls the “depressive position,” i.e., to attain to a higher tolerance for guilt. This, Beland contends, is the central utopia of European humanism.