Psychoanalysis, as it manifests in both its clinical and its theoretical elaboration, is such a complex phenomenon that I can discuss the latest form, Intimate Attachments, only by putting it into the context of psychoanalytic history. In that connection, it is fitting that the developmental psychology that was created by Sigmund Freud and that is known all over the world as psychoanalysis is celebrating its one-hundredth birthday. It is worth nothing that starting from a few narrowly defined clinical cases of what was then called hysteria and conceptualized on the basis of a few new basic principles, such as unconscious drives and unconscious defenses, psychoanalysis as a new and original field of knowledge has had its own growth and development during its first century.

The growth and development of psychoanalysis was guided by Freud, its inventor, for about forty years, until his death in 1939. It is often forgotten that Freud continually changed and revised his