Psychoanalysis and philosophy have often shared an ambivalent and at times antagonistic relation to one another. While each discipline generally acknowledges the merits of the other, each claims to possess a truth the other lacks. But as Wittgenstein wrote in his Philosophical Investigations, progress in philosophy will remain truncated until psychology is thoroughly examined in its doxa and conceits. Psychoanalysis, in its conceit, will remain at a standstill unless it embraces philosophy. Together they form a union few disciplines aspire to surpass.

Few scholars offer the psychological insight and philosophical rigor