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This article presents the major findings of a large-scale study on subsidized psychoanalyses and long-term psychotherapies in Sweden. Over 400 persons examined at various stages of treatment were reexamined in a follow-up study three years later, using face-to-face interviews, questionnaires, and official statistics. Significant findings were: (a) better treatment results achieved by psychoanalysis than by psychotherapy, (b) better results achieved by more experienced psychoanalysts, and (c) an observed negative effect of a psychoanalytic stance on a psychotherapeutic setting.