The author describes developments in Freud's writings concerning his views on the apostle Paul. This development shows that Freud more and more clearly regarded Paul as a key figure in understanding the complex relationship between Judaism and Christianity—and also as a man who essentially has no comfortable place in either of these religions. For Freud, Paul was a unique figure, an analyst of the human character and of his own culture and religion—a Jew who tried to free himself and his people from the burden of the sense of guilt.