The author distinguishes three types of change seen in patients over the course of a psychoanalysis, noting that analysts are most interested in the type that occurs uniquely as a result of the analysis itself. He discusses Freud's views on the analytic relationship and contrasts these with the way the relationship is conceptualized within object relations psychoanalysis, and he compares Freudian views of transference and countertransference with Kleinian ideas. The use of interpretation is also examined from different theoretical viewpoints. The centrality of aggression in the Kleinian view of the psyche is put forth as a potentially controversial aspect of Kleinian technique.