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Entre el sueño y la vigilia [Between Dream and Wakefulness]. By Fanny Schkolnik, pp. 21-34.
The work of psychoanalysis takes place in the breach that opens between fantasy, dream, and wakefulness. Patient and analyst become actors and authors in a new stage that involves them in a relationship in which differentiation becomes essential in order to maintain the asymmetry of the analytic situation. This differentiation is achieved by the abstinence that the analyst modulates according to the singularity of each situation (Schkolnik 1999). It is necessary to pass through moments of lack of differentiation while trying to find a way to maintain the position of the analyst through self-analysis. This position is threatened by narcissistic aspects of the transference and countertransference.
According to Schkolnik, Taoism tries to overcome differentiation through dreams in order to arrive at what is taken to be an aspiration toward true identity. The psychoanalytic path also implies an approach to the undifferentiated, which is linked to work on the borders between preconscious-conscious and unconscious, in that particular situation created by transference that favors a certain blurring between dream and fantasy, on the one hand, and reality, on the other. A difference from the Tao is that there is also a necessary differentiation in psychoanalysis that is promoted by abstinence—the elements of the frame and the positioning