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Something happened to Sigmund Freud's mode of thought after his father's death in 1896. The trauma of irreversible paternal loss served as a powerful stimulus to the upsetting of a previously established psychic equilibrium. A dramatic weakening of his psychological defenses led Freud to probe deeper into his thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Objective, mechanistic, and quantitative approaches to mental structures and their dynamics gave way to subjective and introspective modes of cognitive operation. The inner probing and