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Beginning with the publication of Heinz Kohut's (1971) Analysis of the Self, the 1970s witnessed the appearance of one landmark psychoanalytic treatise after another. These include Kernberg's (1975) Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism, Mahler, Pine and Bergman's (1975) The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant, Schafer's (1976) A New Language for Psychoanalysis, Stoller's (1976) Perversion: The Erotic Form of Hatred, and Kohut's (1977) The Restoration of the Self, to name but a few. A similar intellectual spark is also discernible in the journal articles of the period. Kernberg's (1974a, 1974b) papers on love, Gunderson and Singer's (1975) article on borderline personality, Modell's (1976) on the holding environment, Kohut's (1972, 1979) on narcissistic rage, and the two analyses of Mr. Z all appeared during the 1970s. Clearly, the decade had set an intellectual juggernaut of formidable magnitude into motion.
Prominent behind this burst of creativity was the growing dissatisfaction with the structural model of the mind and its tight grip on mainstream psychoanalytic thinking. After years of unquestioning fidelity to the Anna Freud-Hartmann-Brenner axis of theorizing, North American psychoanalysis was discovering the two other conceptual trends that had already found a voice in England under the rubric of the Kleinian and the Independent (Balint, Winnicott) traditions. Kernberg and Kohut became the respective