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In the 38 years since the death of C. G. Jung, in 1961, there has been increasing diversification in the understanding and application of his thought. By the early 1980s, three distinct strands of analytical psychology (Jung's term for his form of analysis) had emerged and were codified by Andrew Samuels (1985) in his groundbreaking book Jung and the Post-Jungians. Differentiated by their emphasis on selected Jungian concepts, Samuels proposed three distinct groupings of analysts. Thus, the classical group oriented most strongly to symbolic experiences of the self (defined as the center of psyche with cultural and universal dimensions beyond the individual personality) and its unfolding in a lifelong process entitled individuation (a term Jung borrowed from medieval philosophy and was employing by ). The developmental group spearheaded by Michael Fordham in London, openly influenced by cross-fertilizing contacts with psychoanalysis, focused on transference/countertransference dynamics as well as the inclusion of infant observations in their formulations of the analytic process. The archetypal school centered on the writings of James Hillman, championed a radically imagistic stance with the cultivation of highly nuanced metaphoric awareness. This third grouping has proven less enduring within the field and has instead metamorphosed into more of a cultural psychology, although its clinical applicability is still being investigated by some analysts.