The largest IRA bomb so far on the English mainland exploded in Manchester on June 15, 1996. It destroyed most of the main shopping mall in the city center. There was a forty-minute warning, but the area was not fully cleared and many people were injured. This time nobody was killed, unlike the Canary Wharf bombing in London earlier in the year, which signaled the end of the recent ceasefire. Manchester has a large Irish community, and that day there was an Irish festival in nearby Bolton. The Irish came over last century to build the infrastructure for England's industrial success, with laborers working on the waterways which run from Liverpool through to the Manchester ship canal. In some senses, then, Manchester was an obvious economic target, with the Provisionals taking back what Ireland had built