Common sense biographies of individuals describe their past life events as determining future ones. Such positivistic narratives assume that past events determine present and future patterns of fantasies, feelings, thoughts, and actions, all assumed to be linked in a chain of cause and effect that is measurable on an axis of real time. Positivistic science transforms this common sense chain into a kind of sacred text, on which commentary is recognized as valid only according to similar carefully specified rules of repetitive observation and interpretation. Such a positivistic text in psychoanalytic theory is the notion of psychic determinism. Waelder elaborated on this notion with the idea of multiple function; and, recently,