Throughout the centuries, philosophers, theologians, writers, artists, and psychologists, among others have struggled with the question of human motivation, and have most frequently linked it to (he biological drives. The issue occupies a central position in psychoanalytic theory and practice, which often evokes Freud's conception of the dual instincts as the motivational core of psychic functioning. Thus, Compton (1983a, 1983b) in his lucid and comprehensive review of the current status of the place of drive theory within psychoanalytic theory, suggests: