One hundred years ago, Sigmund Freud, a struggling 29-year-old Viennese physician, received a traveling fellowship to study in Paris with Europe's most renowned neurologist, Jean Martin Charcot. Freud was later to remember the experience of this 4¹/₂-month stay, from October 1885 to February 1886, as catalytic in turning him toward the practice of medical psychopathology and away from a less financially promising career in research neurology. The studies with Charcot in the areas of