An important result of the Hamburg Congress was the opening it provided for a public discussion of the state of psychoanalysis in Germany. This created an entirely new situation. Now it could finally be said openly that the German colleagues as a group are implicated in the consequences of the annihilation of the Jews. How do they come to terms with their collective guilt, their unconscious expectation of retribution, their unconscious need for punishment? Is there such a thing as an encapsulated Nazi introject, and will it be released from its capsule in training analyses? Will the Germans acknowledge those collective superego traditions that led to their enthusiasm for Hitler and ultimately to the murders? Will they find a transition from paranoid to depressive guilt?