… I know very well that Freud, being an empiricist, always publishes only provisional formulations to which he certainly does not attribute any eternal value. But it is equally certain that the scientific public is inclined to make a creed out of them, a system which is asserted as blindly on the one hand as it is attacked on the other.

Just as important as having ideas is getting rid of them.

The clinical setting has been the mainstay of psychoanalytic therapy and research since Freud developed it in response to a dissatisfaction with hypnosis in the 1890s. Epistemological problems have always been inherent in the clinical setting. Recently,