In 1970 Pulver observed that in the “voluminous literature on narcissism, there are probably only two facts upon which everyone agrees: first, that the concept of narcissism is one of the most important contributions of psychoanalysis; second, that it is one of the most confusing” (p. 319). Since that time, the use of the concept (from which one might infer its importance) has proliferated, and its meaning has become both more subtle and more ambiguous. Clinicians and writers speak of narcissism as a normal phenomenon, narcissism as a cultural phenomenon, narcissistic injuries, narcissistic defenses, narcissistic drives, narcissistic