The therapeutic relationship exists within multiple levels of reality—including that of ordinary life and that of the therapeutic frame. This interplay between these two levels of reality gives rise to paradoxical experiences for both participants. Certain “principles” or “rules” of technique can be understood as a means of enabling the therapist to cope with what is usually referred to as “boundary” issues. It is essential that the analyst or therapist demonstrate capacity to shift playfully from one level of reality to another. The “rule” of abstinence and the asymmetry of desire that exists between the two participants are discussed. Gratification within the therapeutic frame is paradoxical in that gratification at one level of reality leads to privation at another level of reality. These paradoxical experiences for both patient and analyst are examined in relation to projective identification and to the analyst's countertransference.