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I found Greenberg's book stimulating and thought provoking. As I read it, at virtually every page or two I found myself stopping to think through an issue raised or to register a particularly insightful and enlightening vignette. Often I ended up disagreeing with Greenberg's view. There is little doubt, however, that he raises issues that are fundamental to psychoanalysis. I will comment on some of these issues.
Greenberg takes the position—with which I agree—and argues cogently that Freud's dual-instinct theory (libido and aggression) is no longer (if it ever was) an adequate framework for psychoanalysis. Greenberg assumes, however, that a drive theory of some kind is necessary for any clinically meaningful psychoanalytic framework (and probably for any meaningful view of human behavior and human nature). This assumption is based on the further assumptions that, in order to account for human behavior, one must posit “endogenous forces at work within us that operate as prime movers of the mind” and recognize that “all mental activity begins with the stirring of some internal need” (p. 23).
Greenberg prefers some kind of dual-drive theory over the idea of multiple motivational systems because he believes, in agreement with Joseph Smith, that life is “organized around and in terms of great