You do not currently have permission to view the full text for this document. Please sign in to an account with an active subscription or contact support.
In my reply to commentaries by Glen Gabbard and Mark Gerald I offer further views on the implications of an integrative approach to treatment of substance-using patients, and the role of countertransference in that approach. I also address the phenomenon of “leverage,” examined by Gerald for the particular role it plays in the treatment of chronic drug use. I consider the use of leverage within the context of discussing the broader therapeutic effort to help substance-using patients achieve integration.