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The use of a verbal or written contract has been employed in many different modalities of treatment as a means of establishing the expectations and parameters of treatment. Traditionally, the contract is seen as serving a somewhat utilitarian purpose: setting up the practical conditions of treatment and providing a containing frame for the patient. Contracts, however, can extend to establishing agreed-upon goals of treatment, anticipating obstacles that may arise in the treatment and clarifying how they will be dealt with should they arise, and clearly defining the roles of the patient and therapist in a way that aids the exploratory process once the treatment has begun. Importantly, the mutually agreed-upon contract serves as a useful roadmap to keep the treatment focused and on track. In this article we will emphasize how the treatment contract can facilitate in-depth understanding of the patient's internal world, particularly when challenges to the contract are enacted by the patient. We will begin by briefly summarizing the functions of the contract and then focus on the key role of the treatment contract in furthering the exploratory process of the patient's dynamics as expressed in the transference/countertransference matrix.