Traumatic shame is a source of deep psychological suffering and can become so pervasive that it hinders the possibility of a life worth living. Furthermore, it represents a complex treatment challenge in psychotherapy. Drawing from the perspective of control-mastery theory (CMT), we elucidate how traumatic shame can stem from processes of compliance with negative parental messages or identification with traumatizing caregivers. Additionally, traumatic shame can manifest as self-punishment motivated by guilt. In the first part of the article, we focus on the main features of traumatic shame and describe its origins, pathogenesis, and psychopathology manifestations through recent empirical research studies. In the second part, we explore how CMT offers a comprehensive framework for understanding and treating traumatic shame, particularly in severely traumatized patients. Finally, a clinical vignette illustrates the application of CMT in psychotherapy, showing how therapists can navigate the complexities of traumatic shame and promote the achievement of a more fulfilling life.