Andrew Gerber argues the case for empirical research in psychoanalysis and explains how he came to create a rating scale designed specifically to measure the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychotherapy. He discusses some of the issues that had to be considered in creating the scale and gives an overview of the quality of the studies to which the scale was applied. He outlines some of the limitations of RCTs and gives his view of the reasons for the reluctance on the part of many therapists to attempt to measure treatment adherence.