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Marina Altmann de Litvan discusses the important role of infant observation in the context of psychoanalytic training and clinical practice. She describes how the use of microanalytic research methods to observe mother-infant interactions enabled insight into the dynamics of early attachment, highlighting the importance of both nonverbal and verbal communication and the active role of infants in shaping their relationships with caregivers. In particular, that such observation informs a new understanding of the intrapsychic and intersubjective dimensions of development, one which challenges traditional psychoanalytic notions of symbolization. She makes the case that by fostering a deeper connection to primary relational experiences, the inclusion of infant observation in psychoanalytic training is vital for promoting the development of essential reflective capacities in the analyst.