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This monograph of the Kris Study group of New York represents a noteworthy, diligent, and candid effort by classical psychoanalysts of the American School, obviously steeped in the perspective of ego psychology and the hegemony of the Oedipus complex, to come to grips with the challenges to American classical theory imposed by the borderline entity. The interest in the borderline disorder came about in no small measure from the Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project (Kernberg et al., 1972), summarized by Wallerstein (1986). Interest has also been propelled by the influence of Kleinian and British Object Relations analysts as well as those in other parts of the world whose views of analysis were informed by psychoanalytic paradigms which allowed them to tread with confidence into the earlier recesses of infant development and, consequently, to be able meaningfully to decipher experiences in the vast array of primitive emotional feelings, thinking, and behavior as they present themselves in the consulting room and hospital. Mention must also be made of the important contributions to the study of the borderline made by European analysts, such as McDougall and Green and by those American classical analysts who, in my opinion, have evolved