Case Discussion and Position Statement

The unresolved dilemma of defining an interpersonal or an intrapsychic dimension in psychoanalysis is in essence a task of defining the outlines of the field in which we make our scientific observations. For unless we define our field and decide what are data and what are not, we cannot make any useful observations at all. Our dilemma arises from the uncontested fact that the two dimensions are intertwined: intrapsychic events are powerfully influenced by extrapsychic ones, especially the interpersonal dimension, and vice versa: the extrapsychic sphere is the arena in which the individual acts out his intrapsychic dynamics. Though it is possible conceptually to separate these two dimensions, one can try to describe only intrapsychically or only interpersonally. In self psychology we have chosen not to separate these two dimensions that far. We talk about selfobject experiences which are intrapsychic happenings that are closely linked to extrapsychic events. I say “linked” because I want to avoid saying “caused.” For example, when a child stumbles, and falling on its face, gets all shaken up, momentarily confused, and disoriented, it may need help to quickly be put together again. An appropriately attuned mother will pick up the child, hold it close, and let her child absorb her calmness. Speaking intrapsychically, a fragmented self will have an experience that will restore it into