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The questions raised in this issue when considered as a whole present a challenge to the reader. Each contributor attempts to synthesize object relations formulations with the classic psychoanalytic model. The result is an illumination of many of the areas within psychoanalysis that are incomplete and require refinement.
Fast described the problem of integrating the structural dynamic and representational points of view, borrowing a model from Piaget's theory of development.
Sandler focused on internalization in his continued work on clarifying the internalized object and internalized object relations. Moreover, he addressed the problem of how to conceptualize the relationship between the self and its internal and external objects.
Modell emphasized the problem of the dichotomy between attachment, safety, and instinctual discharge as different [principles of] sources of motivation.
Bacal emphasized the need to extend self psychology into an object relations theory and, thus, more readily able to accommodate concepts of resistance, transference, defense, and fantasy formation.
Finally, Krystal described the weakness of the drive/conflict model as a conceptualization of psychic deficiency and argues for the information process model.
Psychoanalysis as a theory of the mind and as a model of treatment requires a constant influx of ideas to enable its refinement and sophistication. Object relations theory originating in