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Through reviewing the basic contributions to the theories of curative factors in dynamic psychoanalysis, I focused on seven factors that influence cure for which there is some clinical—quantitative evidence. These seven are the following: 1) the quality of the therapeutic alliance, 2) the correctness of the transference formulation, 3) the accuracy of the interpretations, 4) the quality of self understanding, 5) the changes in the transference pattern, 6) the degree of internalization of the gains, and 7) the level of mental health.
This clinical-quantitative review is an update and new integration of past ones, including Freud's papers on technique (1912, 1913); Knight (1949); Ekstein and Wallerstein (1958); Menninger and Holzman (1973); Luborsky (1984); Crits-Christoph, Mintz, and Auerbach (1988); Miller, Luborsky, Barber, and Docherty (1993); and Orlinsky, Grawe, and Parks (1994).
The quality of the alliance is a central factor: when the therapeutic alliance has a positive component early in treatment, there is a