These articles convey a fact about the status of contemporary psychoanalysis. There is a need for a creative integration of our knowledge of development, cognition, and clinical facts. The two main articles (Jurist and Linda Mayes and Karen Ensink) give a comprehensive portrayal of current thinking on the development of the capacity to know the mind of another. Jurist emphasizes the work on mentalization that bridges the emotional depth and cognitive activity of understanding the mind of another. Yet the three clinical articles portray additional psychological dimensions that contribute to understanding the mind of another, projection identification, empathy, the influence of the societal matrix, and the inclusion of the whole person, emphasizing the unique perspective that the clinical realm provides in appreciating the complexity of the human condition.