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The Differentiation-Relatedness Scale (DRS) as scored on the Object Relations Inventory (ORI) assesses the level of differentiation and relatedness in mental representations of self and significant others. The current study focuses on changes in mental representations of self and significant others (mother, father, and therapist) in patients with a personality disorder (PD) during a hospitalization-based psychodynamic treatment. Here, we summarize the results of two studies. The first study was part of the Kortenberg-Leuven process-outcome study I, and included 35 PD patients who completed the ORI and other measures at intake, 3, 6, and 9 months into treatment, at discharge, and at 3-month and 1-year follow-up. The second study reports preliminary results of the Kortenberg-Leuven process-outcome II study in a sample 68 PD patients, investigating change in the levels of differentiation and relatedness of object representations from intake to treatment termination. Results of both studies showed significant improvements in levels of differentiation and relatedness between intake and discharge. In particular, PD patients moved from mental representations characterized by polarization and the use of splitting on the DRS (DRS level = 5) to emergent object constancy and ambivalence tolerance, and thus to more stable and coherent mental representations of both self and significant others (DRS level = 6). In addition, improvements in mental representations of self as well as mother, father, and therapist were maintained at follow-up.