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Therapists in China have been studying psychoanalytic theory and technique for about twenty years (Huang & Kirsner, 2020) with on-site psychoanalytic training classes sponsored by German (Gerlach, 2021) and Norwegian (Scharff & Varvin, 2014) analysts under the rubric of the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA). In the last few years, Chinese psychotherapists have been trained as analysts through online programmes of the Chicago and Philadelphia Centers for Psychoanalysis and the International Institute of Psychoanalytic Training (the analytic training programme at the International Psychotherapy Institute) under the auspices of the American Psychoanalytic Association. Others have trained in psychoanalytic therapy in the online programme of the China American Psychoanalytic Alliance (CAPA) (Fishkin & Fishkin, 2014), the International Psychotherapy Institute on the Jiandanxinli (MyTherapist) platform, and in programmes organised in Wuhan and Shanghai Centers for Mental Health. There is a small but growing body of work on the effectiveness of online training and supervision for Chinese therapists (Gordon & Lan, 2017; Gordon et al., 2015). Available training covers the gamut from intensive training in psychoanalysis or psychoanalytic psychotherapy mentioned above to short courses in applied psychoanalysis such as those online of XinliPro (Shanghai Xiaoxin Education Technology Company) in adult psychotherapy and a continuous programme (now hybrid) in couple and family therapy at Beijing Zhi-Dao-Zong-He Medical Institute, which now includes a focus on children (Wanlass, 2021).
As an industry, psychotherapy is in a state of evolution. There is little regulation and no licensing process except for psychiatrists who practise mostly in hospitals giving official diagnosis and pharmacology rather than psychoanalytic psychotherapy. There used to be a process for psychologists to register as psychotherapists, but this has now been stopped. There is a small, but growing